In the future, China will focus on 20 products and 16 new materials!

At present, China's manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements. From weak to dragon, Chinese manufacturers have made great efforts. However, it is undeniable that there is still huge room for development of "Made in China". According to incomplete statistics, we can contribute to the 20 products and 16 high-end materials described below in the future. If we can overcome the technical problems related to these products and materials, it will be beneficial for our manufacturing industry to take a big step forward.

Part 1 - 20 products

1. High-end CNC machine tool

Machine tools are the foundation of modern manufacturing. Without the support of machine tools, modern manufacturing will be impossible to move forward. With the development of the times and science and technology, the manufacturing industry has higher and higher requirements for precision machining, and higher precision products have to rely on high-end CNC machine tools.

At present, the self-sufficiency rate of high-end CNC machine tools in China is less than 10%. Although China has continuously increased its investment in research and development of high-end machine tools, the accuracy and service life of domestic machine tools are far from the same level in the world.

2. Chip

Chips can be said to be everywhere, from smartphones used in ordinary times to supercomputers used for landing on the moon. China's chip market has exceeded hundreds of billions of dollars. However, many of China's core integrated circuit domestic chips have no share, and the trade deficit is as high as 165.7 billion dollars.

Although China is increasing its efforts to tackle chip technology, Chinese enterprises are still in the middle and low end of the global chip industry pattern.

3. Lithograph

Now the semiconductor industry is challenging the manufacturing process of 3nm and 5nm, which is less than one tenth of the diameter of hair. Under this precision condition, any traditional processing method has no use. "If you want to do a good job, you must first use the tools". If you want to break the technological blockade in the semiconductor industry, and if you want to develop advanced semiconductor processes, you must have advanced lithography machines.

4. Operating system

Although domestic smart phones have achieved a leading position in the world, China is still very passive in the operating system of smart phones.

If China wants to truly realize the independent production of smart phones, the gap in the operating system is an unavoidable problem. Building the most important software ecosystem of the operating system requires the cooperation of chip manufacturers, system manufacturers and software manufacturers for several years.

5. Medical devices

Medical devices refer to instruments, equipment, instruments, in vitro diagnostic reagents and calibrators, materials and other similar or related articles directly or indirectly used for human body, including the required software, mainly used for medical diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Without medical devices, it is difficult for hundreds of millions of medical patients in China to get timely treatment.

Although China's medical industry is increasingly perfect, many medical devices are mostly imported from Germany, Japan and Switzerland. The cost of such high-end precision instruments is usually as high as one million or even ten million.

At present, the gap between China's medical devices and developed countries is mainly reflected in high-end products. The homogeneity of domestic medical devices is serious. For example, there are more than 200 enterprises that only produce infusion sets and syringes in China, lacking the sense of differentiation and innovation.

6. Aeroengine

China's rocket can go to the moon, and the fourth generation fighter can be independently developed, but the aeroengine is still highly dependent on imports. At present, the dominant position of the United States and the United Kingdom in the field of aircraft development is hard to shake. Pratt Whitney (PW: Pratt Whitney), General Electric (GE: GE) and Rolls-Royce (RR: Rolls-Royce, also known as Rolls-Royce) of the United States and the United Kingdom firmly occupy the top three positions in the field of aircraft development, and the market share of domestic engines is less than 1%.

7. Marine diesel engine

China's shipbuilding technology ranks at the forefront of the world, but more than 95% of the domestic marine power plants are diesel power plants, while the world's marine diesel engines are basically monopolized by MAN B&W Diesel and Wartsila.

Not only is the marine engine market firmly occupied by foreign countries, but the patent blockade is also difficult to break through. It has been reported that a state-owned enterprise in the central and western regions of China has manufactured more than 300 medium-speed marine engines, making a profit of more than 100 million yuan. However, when the enterprise paid the intellectual property fee, there was little surplus left. If domestic engines want to accumulate and develop, breaking the patent blockade becomes the top priority.

8. Automobile engine

At present, domestic engines are still lack of independently developed technologies, leading to a certain gap between domestic engines and foreign engines in terms of manufacturing process and reliability.

Today, with the rapid development of independent brands, domestic cars have made great progress in appearance design and body work. Some excellent products can even catch up with and surpass the joint venture in these aspects, but an excellent engine is still an important basis for domestic cars to win the trust of consumers.

9. High-end sensor

Whether it is smart phone, smart hardware or smart home, high-end sensors are everywhere, and high-end sensors have become the basic accessories in the digital era.

At present, China is most lacking in high-end and sensitive sensors. In terms of the overall level, domestic sensor products are still mainly at the middle and low end, and the technical level is relatively backward. The import of medium and high-end sensors in the Chinese market accounts for 80%, and there is a serious shortage of digital, intelligent and miniaturized products.

10. Switch machine

The switch machine is the executive mechanism of the switch control system, which can well ensure the safety of train operation, improve the transportation efficiency and improve the labor intensity of train operators. At present, the precision of ZD6 switch machine independently produced in China needs to be improved.

11. High-end bearing

In our life, bearings are almost everywhere, from the shared bicycles on the roadside to the household appliances at home, to the spaceship in the sky, to the aircraft carrier in the water, all of which cannot exist without bearings.

The accuracy of rolling bearings is generally divided into five grades: P0, P6, P5, P4 and P2. The bearing accuracy used for the spindle of precision machine tools should be P5 and above. For the spindle support of high-speed, Harbin bearing high-precision machine tools such as CNC machine tools and machining centers, P4 and above ultra-precision bearings should be selected. P4 and above ultra-precision bearings have high requirements for technical performance and reliability, and more than half of domestic demand depends on imports.

12. Mainframe

Mainframe, also known as mainframe, is "irreplaceable" in some important industries due to its powerful data storage capability and security. Mainframe is the core application of enterprises and institutions, such as bank capital transactions, user data, etc. If the mainframe of big banks such as the four major banks breaks down, bank transfer and ATM machines will be paralyzed, and our daily mobile payment will not work properly. This also shows that we have great room for improvement in this technology field.

13. Transmission electron microscope

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a large-scale microscopic analysis equipment that uses high-energy electron beam as an illumination source to magnify and image. Compared with optical microscope, transmission electron microscope can see clearly less than 0.2 μ The fine structure of m is an important instrument in China's scientific research field. At present, China is unable to produce high-precision transmission electron microscopes. Most of the electron microscopes used by universities and scientific research institutions are imported from the United States, Japan and the Netherlands.

14. NC tool

CNC tools are teeth of industrial production, and the processing of raw materials without tools is nonsense. At present, the precision and durability of domestic CNC tools have been greatly improved in terms of technology and coating technology, and significant progress has been made, but there is still a certain gap between them and high-end tools in the world.

15. Gene detector

The gene sequencer was born in 1986 and has been used for more than 30 years. More than 99% of the equipment is developed, designed and produced in the United States. If China's genetic engineering is to make progress, it needs to increase efforts in the field of gene detectors.

16. Vacuum evaporation machine

With the listing of Huawei Mate20 equipped with BOE OLED screens, domestic OLED screens play an increasingly important role in the international market. However, as the "heart" of OLED panel manufacturing process: vacuum evaporation machine, its core technology is still firmly in the hands of Canon Tokki of Japan.

Canon Tokki's annual output is usually between a few and a dozen sets. It can control the error of organic light-emitting materials evaporated onto the substrate within 5 microns. No other company's evaporation and plating machine can achieve this accuracy. At present, there are enterprises producing evaporation plating machines in China, and we have to continue to work hard on the accuracy.

17. High-precision manipulator

Manipulator is one of the most important components of industrial robots. As China's manufacturing industry gradually moves towards digitalization and intellectualization, the accuracy requirements of industrial robots are also increasing. At present, the foundation of manufacturing important parts of industrial robots in China is still relatively weak and can not meet the requirements of high precision.

18. Photosensitive dry film

Photosensitive dry film is a special product for manufacturing printed circuit board (PCB). It is usually composed of polyethylene film, photoresist film and polyester film. The main function of photosensitive dry film is to isolate oxygen, layer and avoid mechanical scratch. Without it, the life of circuit board will be greatly reduced. In 2017, the output of photoresist dry film in China was about 70 million square meters, accounting for 1/3 of the domestic consumption.

19. Anti-cancer drugs

A new drug is a lifeline for cancer patients, but for pharmaceutical enterprises, it is a research and development investment of more than 10 billion yuan in 6-10 years. Chinese pharmaceutical companies still have a long way to go to make Chinese cancer patients eat cheap domestic drugs as soon as possible. In 2017, the scale of cancer drugs in China exceeded 140 billion, but more rely on imports.

20. Digital camera

The technical threshold of SLR digital camera is very high, which requires the combination of the most advanced optical, electronic and mechanical technologies. Today, the shutter speed of SLR cameras can reach 1/4000 seconds, and some high-end models can even reach 1/8000 seconds. Such high-speed shutter has extremely strict requirements on processing accuracy and reliability, and China's machining conditions are still difficult to reach such a level.

Part 2 - 16 high-end materials

1. Carbon fiber: China's enterprises have a rapid expansion of production capacity, but the lack of core technology is serious. High value-added carbon fiber for aerospace is still "stuck".

2. Automobile aluminum plate: the core equipment and technology of Chinese enterprises need to be imported, and the production capacity of high-performance products needs to be improved.

3. Polyimide: The products are mostly used in the military field. The quality of China's electronic grade PI film lags behind the international advanced level.

4. SiC fiber: Japanese and American enterprises dominate the global market, and China's third-generation SiC fiber industrialization is in its infancy.

5. Silicon wafers: Chinese enterprises focus on 6-inch silicon wafers, and the localization rate of 12-inch silicon wafers is low.

6. Silicon carbide: American enterprises are the largest. Our leading enterprises have started mass production, and the import dependency is up to 80%.

7. Semiconductor sputtering target: Japanese and American manufacturers occupy a monopoly position, and China's localization rate is only 20%.

8. Nylon 66: Adiponitrile technology has made a breakthrough, domestic enterprises have accelerated the layout, and the import substitution of the whole industrial chain is expected.

9. Poly (lactic acid): China's enterprises' share of production capacity has been rising, and the supply of raw materials and production process have restricted further development.

10. Electronic ceramics: Chinese enterprises occupy the middle and low-end market, and ceramic powder technology needs to be broken through, which is blocked by Japan and the United States.

11. Optical film: PVA film, TAC film, brightening film, diffusion film and other base films are blocked by Japanese and Korean enterprises.

12. Photoresist: China's semiconductor photoresist localization rate is 2%, and KrF and ArF photoresists are the most heavily dependent on foreign countries.

13. Organic luminescent materials: Chinese enterprises mainly produce crude monomers and intermediates, and the end product materials need breakthroughs.

14. Polyphenylene ether: China's enterprises rank among the top in the world in terms of production and sales, but the supply still falls short of demand. There is still a gap between China and European and American enterprises in terms of quality, output, variety and brand.

15. Para-aramid fiber: the production capacity is still at the kiloton level, and the yield and product quality seriously hinder the development of the industry.

16. Superabsorbent resin: the total capacity has entered the first tier in the world, with overcapacity at the low end and insufficient capacity at the high end.